Tag Archives: OOP

OOP Strikes Back

Steinar,
you missed my point. I explicitly said not to get bogged down in my
example. The point is that changing the internal details of your class
shouldn’t result in your users being forced to change their code. As I
said, exposing your implementation tightly couples your code and your
users. As Matthew
pointed out, you shouldn’t have sets and gets for every item in your
class. You should have a clearly thought out api that isn’t tied to the
internal detail. Exposing internal, either through making data public or
blindly creating gets and sets for private data members is just bad
OO design.

An addition to my example that makes things little cleared would be a
subclass that validated the words you could use. With a public variable
I couldn’t enforce that, but I could override my setter to add
validation.

Return of Accessors vs. public member variables

Steinar,
Imagine a Word class: 

class WordA {
   public:
      char * word;
};
class WordB {
   private:
      char * word;
   public:
      void setWord(char * w) { word = w; }
      char * getWord() { return word; }
};

WordA worda;
worda.word = "WordA";

WordB wordb;
wordb.setWord("WordB");

printf("%s %s", worda.word, wordb.getWord());

Fine, this works well. Now imagine that you want to change word from a
char * to a std::string to stop you dealing with
pointers. For the WordBclass you only need to change the
getWord function. You don’t need to change any of your class’s
users. For the WordA class, you have a problem because you can’t
automatically convert from a std::string to a char *,
so all your users have to change from object.word to
object.word.c_str(). 

class WordA {
   public:
      std::string word;
};
class WordB {
   private:
      std::string word;
   public:
      void setWord(char * w) { word = w; }
      char * getWord() { return word.c_str(); }
};

WordA worda;
worda.word = "WordA";

WordB wordb;
wordb.setWord("WordB");

printf("%s %s", worda.word.c_str(), wordb.getWord());

This is the punishment you get for exposing the internal details of
your class to your users. Please ignore any specific mistakes in my
examples; the principles work the same with different types.

Accessors vs. public member variables

Steinar, you use accessor rather than public data members because you
may need to change the behaviour of the class to do something when you
set a member variable. If you have all your data public, you can’t do
this. If you force people to go via a function, you can make changes to
the class without affecting its users. You have a similar issue with
inherited classes.